Kula da Fuskoki na VOC a Masarauta: Teknologijoyin, Tsarin Hanyoyin, da Kula da Kula da Gudummawar Mai Taka Muhalli

Gabatarwa

Kayan kimiyyar da suka sha (VOCs) sun zama abin ciki mai mahimmanci na al'adu yayin da kayan aikin duniya suyi kokarin samun aikawa, daidai da rashin takaifawa. Dukiai wadannan kayan kimiyya, wasu masu amfani da su a cikin amfanin kimiyya, maƙiƙinta, alkarbaru, buga, da sauran sashe na saye-saye, suna nuna abubuwan kari don kwalitain sama, lafiyar mutane, da karyarya. Yayin da al'adun tafiye-tafiyen yanayi sun karkasa a duniya barmu, kayan aikin dole ne su yi amfani da tsarin kontrolu na VOCs don gudanar da yawan an gado da kuma kawo shaidi.

Wannan labarin yana ba da sanarwa mai zurfi game da hanyoyin da VOCs ke haifar da su a cikin kayan aikin masu mahimmanci, kuma yana bada sharuɗɗan mafi kyau don gwagwarmaya su. Daga amfanin kimiyyar kwayar zuwa zuwa buga da inganta, fahimtar wannan hanyoyin yana da mahimmanci don kirkirar halayyensa wanda ke tsaurare yanayi kuma ke iya amfani da shi a matsayin waje.

Mece ne VOCs?

Kimyar 'yan Majini ne 'yan nau'ikan kimiya mai tsunawa a sararin yaki wanda ke da kyakkyawan guduwa a tsawon rana, sa tauna zata iya baya sama. Kimyar 'yan Majini masu damar haɗa da abubuwan da ke da girman guduwa na waje daga cikin 50°C zuwa 260°C ko wadanda suke da guduwar sama mai sauƙi bisa 133.32 Pa a lokacin jiki.

Nau'ikan Kimyar 'yan Majini

Tare da maye kimia, kimiyyar 'yan majini suna da shidda iri uku:

• Alkanes

• Hyudrokarboni Alkariyata

• Alkenes

• Hyudorokarburun halogenated

• Esters

• Aldehydes

• Ketones

• Wasu haɓakkin ilimin kimiyya na organik

Misalai na tipikal VOC

• Hyudorokarburun aromatic: benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene

• Hyudorokarburun tsaki: butane, kayayyakin gasoline

• Hyudorokarburun halogen: karbon tetraklorayi, klorofom

• Alkawali da aldurade: metanul, asetaldiri, aseton

• Esteru: ethil asetat, butul asetat

• Babban shi: asetonitril, akirilunitril, karburun chlorofluro

Wadannan kayayyaki su duniye ne daga yankin na'ura, rashin kimiyya, yankin mai amfani, da ikwaba manyan aikace-aikace. Saboda yawa da rashin kama da narasi, VOCs suna buƙatar kontin tsotin.

Mabanen Masoyi na Makaranta na VOC

1. VOCs a cikin Sayarwar Kimiyyar Kwallaye

Ƙungiyar kayan kwayaɗo na karboon ita ce daga cikin ƙungiyoyin masifa mai mahimmanci zuwa sa hannun gudummawar VOC. Wadannan VOCs suna tare da abubuwan da suka fito ne daga wasu hanyoyi biyu:

• Kwayar karboon

• Ƙarin karboon zuwa sararin gas

1.1 Mafautuka ta VOC A Cikin Kwayar Karboon

Kwayar karboon ya dora rage karboon a tsawon dereji, wanda ke kawo muhimman kayan kwayar organic su faru mafautuka. Mafautuka suna tafiye a karkashin biyu:

A. Karkashin Saka Karboon

Lokacin da karboon mai zurfi aka saka shi cikin furmuwa mai zurfi, yana kama da sarari mai zurfi kuma yana bawa jerin:

• Hydrocarbon polycyclic aromatic

• Zuma tar

• Gasu organik

Wadannan abubuwan da suka shiga suna taimakawa wajen samun abubuwan da ke kama da kasuwanci da kuma sauya tsarin gaskiya.

B. Coking Byproduct Recovery Area

Duk gida na uku sun haɗa da wani yankin hadurwa, wani yankin cire kwayar, wani yankin ammonium sulfate, da wani yankin benzene mai zurfi. Kowanne ke samar da VOCs daban-daban:

Yankin Hadurwa

• Samarawa: ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, naphthalene, VOCs masu kama

• Kayayyakin samarwa: tankai na tar, tankai na ruwan ammonia, anbube, water seals

• Alamar: girman konsantreshin, canjin girma, gas mai fulo

Yankin Cire Kwayar & Ammonium Sulfate

• Samarawa: gassu masu kwayar, ammonia, mayar da VOCs maƙaƙa

• An samar da ammonia ta wayar iyaka tare da girman konsantreshin

Fannin Benzene na Jini

• Haɓakawa: benzene, toluene, xylene

• Gurin gasi ke ƙaranci amma kwayoyin yawa suna yakan yawa

Yankin Ayyukan Karkara da Ruwa

• Haɓakawa: benzene, phenols, sulfides, komputan nitrogen organic

• Za a sake dawo da shi ne daga tankunan taki, tankunan musamman, tankunan anaerobic, da ayyukan karkara

Wannan haɗin nufin yana sa ayyukan karkara su kasance masu tantance saboda tsarin majummuwar mutum.

1.2 VOCs a Gasolin da Tsunke da Gas Na Tabba

Tushe na gasolin tabba suna tsunkawa gasolin mai VOC bayan:

• Tsuntsaye mai methanol mafi ƙananan ruwa

• Tangutan magani/kwayar (mai nufi da kele)

• Aiwatar da Kwallon Gwagwarmaya

• Kayan ajiyar madini

A. Gwaji na Methanol mai Sanya Tsuntsuwa

Za a iya ganin wannan girma:

• Methane

• Ethylene, ethane

• Propane, propylene

• Gwaji na methanol

Yato mai sauƙi a amfani da sa kuma yawan lokacin a halartawa ta RTO (Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer) don kammala incineration.

Me saboda RTO sai dai RCO?

Catalysts na RCO suna lafiya zuwa tsauraran sulfur kuma suna da yawa mai zurfin sauya, wanda ke sa RTO ta tambayyar gaskiya don amfani da kemikalai na kwallon.

B. Gwamnatin Tattalin Arziki Mai Tsawo

Tankunan tattalin arziki na gas/ma'biya suna baya fofora da ke ƙunshi haɓakka, ammonia, da VOCs lokacin da kayan aiki da zafi su canza. Wadannan gassu suna bukatar oxidation na gorau.

C. VOCs na Aikin Kiyaye Ruwan Zafi

Wadannan an samun su ne daga:

• Aikin farko (rufaffin abinci, mayar da sama, lamarin ruwa)

• Tankunan aeration

• Gandunna mai kiyaye ruwa daga sludge

Yaukunan sun faru daidai, kuma yankin ruwa yana sosai.