Ƙinƙini Na Tsare zuwa Yanayin Gwiwa Mai Zaman Lau00a0: Yanayi, Lahiru da Aikace-aikacen Sarrafa

Kanunon yanayin hawa duniya ciki suka zama masu harshen kafin shekaru goma, sauya shuka mai wuta, wasan kwalli, abokan cin zaƙi da masana'antar kimiyya suyi sabuntawa kan tsarin sauyawa sai. Tare da wannan buƙatar al'adu shine gwiwar lau (FGD) —idoletar aikace-aikace don cire sulfur dioxide (SO₂) daga samun gwiwa na sarrafawa.

Kamar hanyoyin da ke karkashin girma zuwa ga yawan rana da kwarewa, teknologijar FGD suna canzawa. Daga hanyar limestone-gypsum mai zurfi har zuwa akan ammonia, wani daga cikin halayen suna ba da alabbarin daban-daban a cikin kwarewa, kudaden, tsarin amfani, da saukin samun abubuwa mai amfani.

Wannan labarin yana ba da sanarwa mai zurfi game da teknologijar desulfurization, matakai masu mahimmanci, yanayin amfani, da rashin abubuwa a duniya - ana kirkiranta shi ga masu iya makaranta, masu siyan kayayyaki, masu amfani da EPC, da masu aiki a fildin albishin tushen don samun bayani masu amintam ce da na zaman lafiya.

1. Me Zai Halarta Desulfurization

Sulfur dioxide ita ce mai tsoro mai mahimmanci waɗeke ne na gasolina na kankara, kima'in metallurgical, da ayyukan girma. Idan baiyi lafiya ba, ingantattun SO₂ suna taimakawa zuwa:

• Rain acid

• Tsaro na smog

• Masallaci mai tsoro a sarrafar gaskiya

• Tsayin dumi

• Daidaitowa na wasan, gida, da kyaututtuka

Alaluben duniya a uropa, karkashin tsaro, harabba ta aminci, da sarayen ta kudu kuma cina yanzu ke richa SO₂ iriƙiri su wuce kusan 35 mg/Nm³ , sai dai FGD nuni suna bukatar hanyoyin amfani ga manyan tallafin.

Masu siyarwa na iyali na makaranta daidai dukiyar masu siyarwa, masu investa ESG, da ayyukan carbon-neutral, duk wadannan suna yi ma'aurata kan taimakawa iyali, ba hanya kawai don yarda da shari'a.

2. Hanyoyin Teknologiya Mai mahimmanci Masu Amfani a Gas Desulfurization

Iyali FGD zai iya inganta zuwa tushen, semi-dry, da dry hanyoyin. Kowanne yana da shakanta kimia, halayyen amfani, da al'almen da suka sha'awo.

2.1 Limestone–Gypsum Wet Desulfurization (WFGD)

Wannan ita ce hanyar mai aiki mafi yawa a gas desulfurization a makarantun kogo mai kogo da manyan boiler na iyali.

Prinsipin aikin:

SO₂ a cikin garin dawa yana farfaru da limestone slurry (CaCO₃) don kirkiri calcium sulfite, wanda a sau yayi oxidized zuwa gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O).

Fadiffada Aiki:

• Tsarin tattara SO₂ mai tsauri da mai amintam (95–99%)

• Teknolojin da aka fassara, mai amintam

• Za a iya amfani da ita a wasu shagon girma

• Gypsum abubuwar farko za a iya maketa ta don wasan gina gida

Tatsuniya:

• Yawan zukar rawa

• Juyawa mai girma

• Sarrafa mai kyau na farko

• Wajibbun karkashin scaling da kungiyar kariyar slurry

Ƙada kar ayyukan, kuma launin kwayar kusurwar ruwa yana tsayin waje ta alama ta duniya ga wasu shuka da sauran nau'ikan abubuwan na yanki saboda tsaurar haɗin taka da rashin kuskure.

2.2 Gudunmawar Ammonia don Rawayawa (NH₃-FGD)

A shekaru da suka gabata, gudunmawar ammonia don rawayawa ya sami mahimmanci mai zurfi, musamman a wasan kimiya, shuka, shuka na ferrosilicon, shuka na koro, da abubuwan na yanki .

Prinsipin aikin:

SO₂ ya yi farfado da ammonia don samar da ammonium sulfite/bisulfite, sannan an canza shi ne sai kamata an samu dadin itace na ammonium sulfate .

Fa'idodi:

• 97% tsarin cirewa ta SO₂

• Iyakar karɓa ta NO₂—rawayawa da cirewa na yamma a wani lokaci

• Babu samun zarar ruwa

• Abubuwar amfanin ammonium sulfate

• Babu tasowa, tsarin aikin wayar waya daraja daga launin kwayar kusurwar ruwa

Alaƙa:

• Yana buƙatar karewa mai zurfi na ammonia

• Tsarin tacewa na ammonia

• Yana buƙatar tsaro da kewayon zurfi mai ƙarin yawan

Ga al'amuranin da ke neman rage kwari da kuma aikawa dama, ammonia wanda aka amfani da shi a cewa desulfurization yana canzawa har maɓallanin zaune.

2.3 Desulfurization Na Tsakiya-Rugu (SDA) / Spray Dryer Absorber

Alamu na tsakiya-rugu suna yin amfani da su ne a alagbata, al'amurar karba zuwa saukin gina, wani irin sadarwar uku da boiler na biomass .

Abubuwan da ke ciki:

• Yana amfani da lime mai ruwa

• Yana buƙatar ruwa mai ƙanƙanta

• Taushe SO₂ na tsakiyar mahimmanci (70–90%)

• Kudaden investiman guda

• Amfani mai sauƙi kuma watsi mai ƙarancin gyara-gyaran

Neuwa hanyar tsarin nawaɗa ba za su iya samun yawan natsuwa mai ƙarfi da ake buƙata a wasu kasa ba, kodayake suna zama hanyar halitta da ke ƙare cincin don gagayyakin sana'ar ko masu takwasawa.

2.4 Dry Desulfurization

Hanyoyin tsarin nawaɗa suna ƙunshi hadzawa na abubuwan kimiyya nawaɗa cikin gasi na taguwar hannu. Suna amfani da su don:

• Gagayyakin sana'ar mai ƙarfi

• Gagayyakin shisha

• Gasolin SO₂ mai ƙarfi

• Ayyukan sauya da aka kawo wajen sauya (retrofit) tare da shigarwa mai ƙarfi

Tsarinsa na nawaɗa suna ƙanƙanta kuma yin gyara-gyaran suna sauƙi, amma kama’irinsu da kuma matsayin kama’ira a cikin rashin karfin yin aiki sun ƙaranci duk sararin nawa.

3. Yaya za a Zabu Teknolojin Desulfurization Da Daidai

Zabinta na tsarin FGD da dace ya hada da kara wasu abubuwan:

3.1 Konsatirita SO₂ da Sarken Kewayon Gas Flue

• SO₂ mai yawa + sarken kewayon gas mai yawa → wuya tsarin wet (limestone ko ammonia)

• SO₂ na musamman → semi-dry

• SO₂ mai sauƙi → dry absorption

3.2 Abubuwan Na'ura Na Ruwa da Shari'ar Al'ali

• Albarkatu da suke nema ruwa (Middle East) suna son semi-dry

• Don sharuɗɗan mai zurfi, ana buƙatar ammonia ko limestone-gypsum

3.3 Amsawa Ga Abubuwan Tsakanin

• Idan tushen yaɗuwa yana da abokin cin rani, ammoniya Desulfurization zai zama mai tsammanin kasuwanci

• Kayan gawo suna magana bisa duniya

3.4 Abubuwan da ake buƙata don CAPEX & OPEX

Kusurwar kasa ke ƙunshi elektriku, sorbents, ingantacciyar aiki, matsayin jama'a, kayan amfani, da kuma samun gawo ko ammonium sulfate. Yawan abokan ciniki yanzu ke so kudaden aikin dugon lokaci darusa sarrafa farko .

4. Abubuwan Daba-daban da ke tsakanin Tsarin FGD Mai Amfani

Wani yankin gyara kwayar zaman lafiya ke ƙunshi:

• Abshorba tanwo ko scrubber

• Tsarin prepare shi na slurry

• Matsar da ke ba muhimman aiki na oxidation air

• Matsayin saukawa mai tsara gudu

• Fasukar wuya

• Tsarin hada abubuwan da suka fito (gypsum, ammonium sulfate)

• Tsarin ruwa da sake adana (don halayen ammonia)

• Otomatik tarbi da kuma nuna a lokaci real

Yiwa da izwanci na alkarbaru, fasukar wuya, da matsayin saukawa mai tsara gudu suna tare da shawarar karfama na SO₂.

5. Kimaɗin duniya a fannin teknoloji na desulfurization

5.1 Zama zuwa FGD ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin sarrafa

Al'umma da kiranwa suna neman ayyukan tsarin ukuwa. Nukhulun bayan ammonium suna da alaƙa da wannan zama, suna produce ammonium sulfate na iya ambin gona bisa gipsum mai zurfi.

5.2Ƙaramin Hybrid da Nau'in Sistamin Da aka haɗa

FGD yanzu ya kasance ya haɗa da:

• SCR/SCNR nuni na zurfi

• Cire kura

• Kontin gyara gaskiya

• VOCs Treatment

Sistamin zaman lafiya suna da taswira don samun zurfi mai zurfi guda abin da aka haɗa guda .

5.3 Digitalization da Kontin Smart

Kunshinoyin AI, inganciyan pH/inganciyan ammɔniya, da kuma yin nuna alama ta hanyar otomatik suna zama abubuwa masu mahimmanci a cikin wasanƙasa mai zurfi.

5.4 Karin yankin a Alakar Duniya Mai Taka

Al’amuran a Najeriyya, Asiya Ta Kudu, Afirka, da Amurika Ta Kudu suna canzawa kari kan tsarin tattara. Takaici ta fi karu a cikin:

• Sudan Arabia

• UAE

• Indonesiya

• Vietnam

• India

• Kazakhstan

Wajen masu iya makonar EPC da masu bako, wadannan yankunan suna nufin dukkoiyin sadarwa gaban duniya.

6. Masalolin Aiki: Inda FGD ke shafi tasiri mai mahimmanci

6.1 Wasanƙasa Mai Tsauri Na Kwayar

Sun kasance sabon bayanan girma a duniya, ke amfani da limestone-gypsum ko tsarin ammɔniya don samun tabbatar da rashin yawa na gas.

6.2 Wasanƙasa Mai Tsauri Na Silikon Da Ma'adinai

Gas na koro ya kamata ya yi amfani da SO₂ da zarar dust. Ammɔniya desulfurization tare da yin bauta dust ita ce tasiri mai mahimmanci.

6.3 Koko & Sayayin Kimiyyar Gwate

Takambarin amoniyam da yawa da kimaun SO₂ na iya iya amoniyam-FGD ainihin dabi'a.

6.4 Semento & Hanyoyin Nau'ikan Kasuwa Zuwa zuwa Wuta

Hanyoyin tsarin arziki da rashin ruwa suna gabata saboda wani yanayi da ababin ruwa.

7. Nema: Samun Tsinkaya ta Fuskoki

Kamar yadda duniya sayen tafi karbon ma'ali, zai ci gaba da canzawa hanyoyin nukan fuskoki akan:

• Babu ruwan baka

• Sanya daya na wakilci

• Ƙima mai zurfi ga kayan aikin

• Tsarin kontin digirai mai tabbatarwa

• Haɗinwa tare da karkashin CO₂

FGD yana daya daga cikin mahukuntan tsarin kwando mai muhimmanci ga al'adun hannu, kuma na'urar shi zai darco koda yake hanyar tafiya da yawa a duniya baya ruwa.

Kammalawa

Gwajin gwiwa mai tsauri ya raba kada za a sake buƙatar kwandon halittu—amma wata sabon kudi game da amfanin hannu mai dadi da kari. Wane ne a cikin gwajin gwiwa mai tsauri ta limestone-gypsum, ammonia-based, semi-dry ko dry desulfurization wanda ke zama wuri yaɗo da shi ya kasance shafin abubuwan da ke nuna iyakokin halittu, aliyukan lokal, kudaden ayyukan, da kyaututtuka na abubuwan sauya.

Ga koma’irin da ke buga iyakokin halittu mai zurfi da al'adun iko, gwajin gwiwa mai tsauri ta ammonia zaman lafiyar zaman lafiya da tsarin gwajin halitta mai babban abubuwa suna nuna sabon hanyar al'adun hannu.